Seems to miss some big ones and providing understanding of them.
“Et cetera”
- “and other things”
- abbreviated to “etc”
- not pronounced “excetera” … but honestly I wouldn’t worry about it because this is the sort of alteration the Romans would have made and did make, and language is always evolving.
- IMO, basically a distinct English word now
“Exempli gratia”
- “for the sake of an example” / “for example”
- abbreviated “eg”
- basically a distinct English word now in the abbreviated form, pronounced “ee gee”.
- easily substituted with a plain English translation “for example”
“Id est”
- “that is”
- abbreviated “ie”
- like the above, basically a distinct English word now, IMO.
- easily substituted with its plain English equivalent: “that is”
- especially given how close the Latin is to the English …. Notice how similar the two phrases sound … that’s not a coincidence, these languages are related after all.
Yea, the point of any thing like this would be to provide a better grip on what’s going on with these phrases and to break down the opacity of their coming from another language.
The thing with latin though is that it isn’t quite an alien language to english speakers … so many components of it have ended up in language that an english speaker can kind of “triangulate” some of it.
The “ad” in “ad hoc”, for instance. It’s the same “ad” in “advance” or “addition” “admit”. And “hoc” is related to English “here”. It literally means “toward this (thing)”, which takes on the meaning “for the purpose of this thing” … that is, being “for a specific thing”, not “general purpose”.